![]() ![]() In the First Intermediate Period (2181-2055 BCE) and Middle Kingdom (2050-1710 BCE), some texts were deleted and new ones added. The earliest examples of these spells were found at Saqqara in the tombs of the Old Kingdom pharaohs of the Fifth and Sixth Dynasties (2400-2300 BCE), and are called the Pyramid Texts. The Egyptian Book of the Dead, also known as The Book of Coming Forth by Day, contained detailed instructions for this passage. 2 The deceased then began a series of perilous travels on his way to the Field of Reeds, where he would be reunified with his ba and ka, enter the Field of Reeds as an akhu. 1 Once deceased, a person existed in several forms: the sah, or corpse, the ba, or mobile soul, the ka, which restored the social form of the self (status, honor, dignity), and the akh, or glorified figure. In ancient Egypt, life after death was not significantly different from life itself existence was simply transferred to another, more remote realm. “And therefore shall I neither be borne away, nor carried by force to the East to take part in the festivals of the fiends nor shall there be given unto me cruel gashes with knives, nor shall I be shut in on every side, nor gored by the horns of the god Khepera.” Spell 93 ![]() ![]() Medicine in the afterlife – The Egyptian Book of the Dead April 16, 2019 ![]()
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